Container



Augv 15, 1944 E. E. GElslNGER ET Al. 2,356,047

CONTAINER Filed June l2 ,`1941 metals of such a character tha Patented Aug. 15, 1944 CONTAINER Elliott E. Gelsinger, Rochester, N. Y., and Rudolph F. Goecke, Elyria, Ohio,

assignors to The Pfaudler Co., Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application June 12, 1941, Serial No. 397,764

3 Claims.

This invention relates to metal containers such as tanks, vats, pipes and the like, of the variety having their containing surfaces formed of material capable of resisting corrosion and, more particularly, to containers of this character having a lining of glass enamel or other vitreous material capable of resisting chemical attack, as well as to methods of manufacturing the same.

Containers of this character with glass enameled surfaces have proven highly eiilcient in resisting corrosion, but the extension of such enamel to the container connection portions, such as fittings, flanges and collars for openings and the like, has presented the disadvantage that the enamel on the engaging and seating surfaces of such connections has tended to become cracked and chipped by the mechanical stresses and impacts to which such connection portions and surfaces are subjected.

Containers have been made also with surfaces formed of stainless steel, or other corrosion resisting metal alloys, but while such containers are not subject to cracking or chipping of the engaging and seating surfaces of the connections, such metal alloys are less desirable than enamel surfaces because less resistant to chemical attack.

One object of the present invention is to provide a container of the general class described, having the corrosion resisting advantages of glass enameled inner or containing surfaces, combined with the advantages of connection portions having engaging and seating surfaces formed of Acorrosion resisting metal not subject to cracking and chipping by mechanical stresses or impacts. Another object is the provision of a container i of the above character having a main body por- 'tion' made of one metal, such as mild steel, and 'ja connection portion made of a different, cor- A*"rosion resisting metal, such as a stainless steel "alloy, having a coeillcient of thermal expansion thsa'me as or different from that of said mild steel, with a fused joint betweei such ditl'erent a glass enamel lining can be extended over it i/nto contact with the corrosion resisting alloy without danger of crazing, chipping, or other failure of the enamel at such joint.

A further object is to provide a method of making a container having the above described advantages.

To these and other ends the invention resides in certain improvements` and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view taken diametrically through a container and its flanged connection and showing one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a container fitting showing a modified embodiment;

Fig. 3 is a similar view through the adjacent ends of two pipe sections showing another embodiment, and

Fig. 4 is a similar view of a flanged connection showing a further embodiment.

The present invention is capable of embodiment ina variety of adaptations and forms, several of which are herein disclosed by way of illustration of the preferred construction and method of making the same.

There is shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing, for example, a part of the main, or body portion, 5, of a sheet metal container, or tank, of known or suitable shape. The part 5 may be a portion of one end of a tank of the known dshed shape commonly employed in such tank ends, or it may form a part of a cylindrical tank side wall. Such container body portions have commonly been made of mild steel which is satisfactory for such construction, except that it is Asubject to chemical attack and is, therefore, commonly protected by a glass enamel lining, 6, as well understood in the art.

Such vcontainers are commonly provided with openings, as at 1 (Fig. 1), for inlet, outlet, manway, or other connections, with the metal walls of the main body swaged outwardly as at 8 to form a collar for the attachmentof a flange 9. In this embodiment of the invention, the flange 9 also is preferably made of mild steel welded to the collar 8 as at I0. Flange 9 has its engaging or seating surface il formed of a known stainless steel or similar alloy metal composition which is resistant to corrosion, this corrosion-resisting metal portion II being extended inwardly of the collar opening beyond the zone of mechanical engagement, but terminated at I2, preferably short of the fused joint l0, so as to lie wholly on the separately formed flange portion 9. The non-corrosive metal portion Il may be applied to flange 9 in any one of the known ways, as by cladding, welding, or hot metal spraying, as well understood in the art, and may be applied as a surface lamination, as here shown.

We have further found, in accordance with our invention, that the enamel lining 6 may be extended, as shown, from the flange joint Il and continued over the inner edge of the non-corrosive metal il, terminating on the surface. of the latter as at I3. By this construction, the enamel lining entirely covers the mild steel portions which tend\to corrode and is carried into overlapping relation with the edge of the noncorrosivemetal Ii atalocation within the co1- lar l,.so that all the parts are protected against corrosion and the enamel lining against mechanical engagement and chipping. l

In those constructions in which the metal of the container body and the non-corrosive metal ofthe connection portion have suiliciently different coefiicients of thermal expansion, there is a tendency to produce crazing or chipping in the glass lining over the joint between the two metals. We have further found that this tendency may be eliminated by employing a special type of used joint in which one of the metals overlies the other for an appreciable distance in the direction of extent of their main surfaces or walls. as distinguished from a butt joint in which the abutting surfaces lie substantially in a transverse plane. 'I'his may be accomplished in various ways, one of which is shown in the above modification of Fig. 1. where the non-corrosive metal is employed as a relatively thin lamination on the mild steel flange 9. We further prefer to bevel the inner edge of the non-corrosive metal Il where it is overlapped by the enamel, as shown at |2-l3. This adaptation is consistent with good economy, as it requires a relatively small quantity of non-corrosive metal. Other ways of accomplishing this construction will be described below in connection with other modiilcations.

The reasons underlying the effectiveness of this type of joint may not be fully understood at the present time but we believe that the employment at the enameled surface of the joint of a body of one metal which is thin in relation to the other metal, may tend to conform the thermal expansivity of the thinner metal to that of the thicker metal, or at least extend the zone of any difference in expansion, so `as to distribute it and avoid subjecting the enamel to any sharp differences in expansivity of the underlying metal. But we do not desire our invention to be restricted in any way to this theory of operation, as it has been found to be effective in use, whatever the reasons for this effectiveness.

In Fig. 2 of the drawing is shown a somewhat different embodiment of the invention, as applied to the combination with a tank wall, Il, of the usual mild steel, of a threaded fitting l5 made entirely of a known or suitable non-corrosive alloy. 'I'he collar I8 for the opening l1 is preferably made of the same mild steel as the tank and welded to the opening in the tank wall, as at the butt joint i8. The fitting I5 is welded in the collar I6 as at i3. But this welded junction is covered on the interior of the tank with a relatively thin lamination or surfacing 20 of non-corrosive alloy metal of known or suitable composition which forms a junction with the fitting I5 and extends outwardly over a portion ofthe surface of the collar I5. This surfacing 20 may be applied in any of the known ways as by cladding, welding, or hot metal spraying, as well understood in the art. It may be initially applied to a portion only of the surface of the collar I 5, as shown, or may initially cover the surface and be subsequently partially removed at the outer periphery of the collar, as shown.

The periphery of the surfacing 23 preferably y as at 36. I'he body .suitable method. such terminates in a beveled' edge 2|, as shown, and the glass enamel lining`22 is carried over this edge and onto the surface 20, as at 23. so that here also all of the surfaces are protected against corrosion, with the enamel lining protected by terminationV short of the connection surfaces which are subject to mechanical wear, so as to accomplish the purposes of the invention.

In Fig. 3 of the drawing there is shown a further adaptation of the invention, in this case to the ends of glass enameled pipe sections 24. The sections. in this instance, are of the type having adjacent ends brought together in abutt joint, although it will be understood that other known types of joints may be employed. The seating surfaces 25 of the pipe ends are protected by a covering body 2B of any known or suitable non-corrosive metal alloy whichfas in the above modifications, may be applied by any known or as cladding, welding, or hot metal spraying. y preferably, is thin in relation to the main wall of the pipe section, covers its end 25 and extends a small way into the pipe section and overlaps its inner surface, as shown at 21. The known glass enamel lining l28 of the pipe section is exturned so as to overlap the non-corrosive metal 26, but terminates short of the end 25, as shown at 23.

Here again, while the enamel overlaps the noncorrosive surfacing of the connection, so that all surfaces are protected, it does not extend to the seating surfaces and, therefore, avoids any 'subjection to mechanical impacts or wear which might otherwise tend to chip or crack it. A suitable gasket means 30 is interposed between'the pipe ends which are drawn and held together by any known and suitable arrangement of coupling bolts 3| and the joint is externally protected by any suitable sheathing indicated at 32, as well understood in the art.

In Fig. 4 of the drawing there is shown a further adaptation to a pipe end or container connection indicated in a fragmentary way at 33, and having a iiange 34. The junction of the surface 35 of the flange with the inner surface of the container 33 is beveled, in this instance, and flange of the container may be constructed, as above, of mild steel and the surface 35 of the flange is protected by a body 31 of any known or suitable corrosion resisting modification embodies the functions and advantages described above in connection with the above modifications.

It will be obvious The non-corrosive body 2li,l

corrosive metal alloys, it is'to be understood that our invention includes connections made of any metal sumciently resistive to chemical attack to obviate protection by a chemically inert coating.- The term fused as herein applied to the joint between the body and connection portions of the container, is intended to include any kind of welding or other integral union of such portions.

It will be apparent from the above description.

in connection with the drawing, that the invention accomplishes its objects.4 Such a construetion provides a glassrenameled container with all of its known efliciency and advantages in resisting chemical attack, in combination with connections having their seating surfaces, or other wearl 'receiving parts', made of metal which :is resistant to chemical attackr with 4the eiiici and advantages which such metal w: w. in

. I .resisting mechanical w'e'ar.' over connection surfaces protected by an enamel coating. The invention thus provides a methodof' manufacture and a construction. combining the advantages of both types of container construction.'

While we have hereinabove illustrated 'and 'der' scribed the best forms of embodiment now known to us, it is contemplated that other modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art within the spirit of our invention and within the scope of the appended claims.

We claim.:

l. A glass lined container comprising a body portion and a portion providing a conducting connection for connecting said body `portion with conducting means to be associated therewith, said portions being formed of a metal subject to corrosion, the surface of said connection having 4thereon a coating of non-corrosive metal having a coefncient of thermal expansion different from that of said corrodible metal and terminating inwardly of points of contact with said associated conducting means, said inward termination of the coating being gradually taperedtoathinedge forming a substantially smooth surface joint with said corrodible-metal whereby the rate of thermal expansion of said corrodible metal is imposed on saidthinedge ofthecoatingtoeifectadiacent said edge a gradual transition from the rate of thermalexpansionofsaid corrodiblemetaltothat asados? rate of thermal expansion'of said mild steel is plied across said joint, anda glass enamel lining von said body portion extending across said joint onto said coating, to provide a durable, fused-in:

continuity of said lining with said coating.

2. A glass lined container comprising a body portion and a portion providing a conducting connection for connecting said body portion with conductimmeans to be associated therewith,

` said portions -being formed of mild steel subject to corrosion, the surface of said connection having thereon a coa of a non-corrosive alloy metal having a coeiil ent of-thermal expansion diiferent from that of said mild steel and terminating inwardly of points of contact with said associated conducting means, said inward termination of said alloy coating being gradually tapered to a thin edge forming a substantially smooth surface joint with said mild steel whereby the imposed on said thin edge of alloy metal to effect adjacent said edge a gradual transition from the rate of thermal expansion of said mild steel to thatofsaidalloy metaltoprevent iniuryto a lining applied across said joint.- and a glass enamel lining on said' body portion` extending 'across said joint oni said alloy metal, to provide v a durable, fused-in continuity of said lining said non-corrosive. alloy metal coating. 3. A glass lined container comprising a body 'portion and a portion forming a conducting connection having at its outer end an attaching flange for connecting said body portion with conducting means to be attached thereto, said porofsaidmildstecltothatofsaidalloymetalto.

preventinjurytoaliningappliedacrosssaid ofsaidcoatingtopreventiniurytoaliningapu joint,andaglassenamelliningonsaidbody portionextendingacrosssaidiointontosaidalloy metal, to provide a durable. fused-in continuity orsaidliningwithsaidalloymetalcoating.

um l. GIIBINGB. RUDOLPH l". Gom 

